子變韻和子變韻的形成構擬－－以孟州方言為例

The “Zi” （子） Changed Finals and their Reconstruction-- A Case Study of the Mengzhou Dialect

“子變韻＂是指名詞／量詞後綴“子＂弱化後與前一音節合音，使前一音節的韻母發生變韻的現象。本文對不同方言中弱化“子＂尾類型和子變韻母比較分析後認為：（一）子變合音時“子＂尾韻母的音值是多元的，除 [u]外，還有可能是 [ʊ/o/ə/ɤ/ɯ/ᴇ] 甚至 [ŋ/ẽ/ə̃] 等；（二）同一方言內的子變韻母也可能是由不同“子＂尾韻母合音形成的；（三）合音過程中前字韻腹會受到“子＂尾韻母的明顯影響；（四）子變韻母在演變過程中很可能經歷過部分相近變韻之間的合併；（五）不少方言中的子變韻母經歷過“ɔ > au＂的演變過程；（六）在構擬生成子變韻母的基本韻母時，不能完全按照目前方言尤其是官話方言中基本韻母的格局。接著，文中介紹了孟州方言中的子變韻母的使用情況。最後，運用上述觀點，結合周邊方言變韻材料對孟州方言中子變韻母的形成過程進行構擬。

The “zi” (子) changed final is a phenomenon in which the noun/quantifier suffix-“zi” (子) becomes weak and merges into the previous syllable. By comparing the types of unstressed suffix-“zi” (子) and the “zi” (子) changed finals in different dialects, this paper shows that: 1) The phonetic value of the suffix-“zi” (子) finals taking part in the fusion of “zi” (子) changed finals is multiple, including not only [u], but also probably [ʊ/o/ɔ/ə/ɤ/ɯ/ᴇ], even [ŋ/ẽ/ə̃] etc…; 2) The “zi” (子) changed finals in one dialect may be formed by the fusion of different suffix-“zi” (子) finals; 3) The suffix-“zi” (子) finals affects the main vowel of the previous word in fusion; 4) There have been some mixed rhyming between the similar “zi” (子) changed finals throughout history; 5) The “zi” (子) changed final has had the evolution of “ɔ > au” in many dialects; 6) The reconstruction of the base finals which generates the changed form should not be completely based on the finals of modern dialects, especially in Mandarin dialects. The paper also enumerates the application of “zi” (子) changed finals in the Mengzhou dialect. Lastly, on the basis of peripheral dialect linguistic material this paper tries to reconstruct the development of the “zi” (子) changed finals in the Mengzhou dialect by using the theories mentioned above.