泉州腔閩南語的中性問句

Neutral Questions in Quanzhou-accented Southern Min

本文以新竹、金門和同安三地的中性問句語料，分析歸納中性問句在泉州腔閩南語的演變方向與動機。閩南語中性問句在不同地方出現不同使用特徵，台南地區閩南語以「敢字句」(Adv-VP) 為主要中性問句，新竹地區閩南語則多是以「VP-neg」來表達中性問句用法。調查發現各地泉州腔閩南語中性問句皆以「VP-neg」為主流，同時在句末否定詞呈現一致的融合方向，僅速率不同；另外「敢問句」中性用法的使用，已經進入新竹和金門等泉州腔的中性問句，同安地區罕見，演變速率的差異可能源自各地和漳州腔地區的地理區隔以及閩南語言往來交流頻率不同。

This paper illustrates the usages of neutral questions in Quanzhou-accented Southern Min with data collected from Hsinchu, Kinmen, and Tongan. The typical usage of neutral question in Southern Min varies from one area to another. The major neutral question type used in Tainan is kam-VP, while the most common type in Hsinchu is VP-neg instead. Our investigation reveals that VP-neg construction is the main stream for neutral questions in Quanzhou-accented dialects, and there shows a tendency for the various sentence-final negators (m, bue, bo, and be) in VP-neg construction to merge into a single one (bo) in all of these dialects, though at a different speed. Kam-VP used as neutral question is detected in Hsinchu and Kinmen, yet it is hardly observed in Tongan area; the change rate of each dialect varies with its geographical distances from Zhangzhou-accented areas and with its general communication frequencies with Southern Min speakers from other areas.