「沒有」、「不是」引領之對話言句所承載之語用與娛樂功能－－以台灣一訪談性綜藝節目為例

Méiyǒu-/Búshì- (‘No-’) Prefaced Turns in Talk Show Interaction-- Constitutive Elements of Entertainment Broadcasts in Taiwan

以對話分析 (Sacks, Schegloff & Jefferson 1974) 以及詞頻統計為方法，以台灣某一知名綜藝節目對話內容為主要探討對象，本文試圖解釋以中文否定詞「沒有」、「不是」為首之對話言句 (conversational turns) 各自該節目流程中，所承載的語用功能。研究分析結果歸納如下。首先，中文否定詞引領之對話言句，基本上以較大比例的情況出現於後啟對話序列 (post-expanded conversational sequences)。其次，相較於「不是言句」在多數情況下的低比例使用，「沒有言句」則廣泛地在該節目中使用。雖說「不是言句」的使用多半趨於相對弱勢，但當該節目的與會來賓企圖針對主持人所追加的言語譏諷、調侃做出回擊時，「不是言句」此時卻也會以強勢之姿出線。

The paper investigates ways in which méiyǒu-/búshì- (‘No-’) prefaced turns are respectively utilized to construct various interactional actions in one entertainment talk show. In order to better answer the question of “why that now” (Schegloff & Sacks 1973:299), a conversation-analytic approach based on Sacks, Schegloff & Jefferson (1974) as well as calculation of frequency of occurrence are adopted to investigate (1) the kinds of actions respectively constructed in the two types of negator-prefaced turns, (2) the frequencies of occurrence of these various actions embodied in the two types of target turns. Qualitatively and quantitatively analytic results synthetically indicate that (1) the negator-prefaced turns mostly appear in the post-expansion sequence; (2) méiyǒu is far more frequently utilized than búshì by the participants in the show to preface a turn to construct certain actions (i.e. negating, resuming-seriousness, repairing, self-ratifying, floor-retrieving, detailing, and topic-proffering) in second and post-second sequential positions in conversation; (3) ONLY if the guest needs to come up with a rebuttal, justifying himself against the hosts’ follow-up challenges or sneers, will búshì be preferred and selected more frequently than méiyǒu to preface their justifying turns. Holistically, the emergence of these particular actions and their frequencies of occurrence are “constitutive” (Clayman & Heritage 2002:95) of this talk show as a form of entertainment on TV.