上古到中古「來」在構式中的演變

The Changes of lai in the Frame of Constructions from Pre-Qin to Medieval Chinese

本文在形式與意義合體的「構式」背景下，討論「來」從上古先秦時期到中古晚期隋代為止歷經的變化，辨析它如何從獨用動詞分化出多種功能標記而又能夠持續留存到現代。本文舉證展示 (i)「來」的功能分化並非出於自由詞組，而是緣自「構式」，構式意義與「來」的功能演變息息相關；(ii)「來」的各種功能並不是孤立或偶發，而是統攝於特定歷史階段之語言系統的構式背景，它在中古階段的發展符合中古漢語整體變化趨勢；(iii) 因為「來」的演變都發生在構式中，所以自由組合的獨用動詞「來」能夠超越複雜的演變歷程，流通至今。

This paper aims at showing how the Pre-Qin verb lai [來], a free morpheme in Modern Chinese, split into functional markers of various kinds in Medieval Chinese, from the perspective of constructions which investigate form-meaning pairs. It demonstrates the following scenarios. Firstly, the meaning of the construction where lai acts as a component is responsible for its functional shifts. Secondly, the functional shifts of lai did not occur randomly or by accident, but rather occurred in the frame of constructions, dominated by the linguistic systems, in accordance with the historical trends of developments. Finally, the original verb lai remained active in Modern Chinese despite these changes, since all the functional shifts are restricted to the components in the constructions.