上古漢語 *s- 前綴的構擬

Reconstructing the *s- Prefix in Old Chinese

本論文討論白－－沙上古漢語構擬體系對上古漢語 *s- 前綴的處理。*s- 前綴的功能主要有兩個：一個是提高動詞的配價 (valency)，另一個是由動詞衍生出指處所、受惠者或工具的名詞。本文還討論 *s- 前綴對各種聲母的語音發展的影響。我們的體系的兩個重要特點是：(1) *s- 加次濁聲母多半演變到中古的 s-（心母）或 sr-（生母）；(2) *s- 加全濁聲母演變到中古的濁擦音或濁塞擦音。還提出梅祖麟關於 *s- 前綴的假設的一些問題。

This paper presents the treatment of the Old Chinese *s- prefix in the Baxter- Sagart system of Old Chinese reconstruction. The main functions of the prefix are to increase the valency of verbs and to derive oblique deverbal nouns. The phonetic evolutions to Middle Chinese of *s- with different kinds of OC root initials are discussed. Two salient features of the proposed system are (1) that *splus plain sonorants go to MC s- or sr-, and (2) that s- preceding voiced obstruents becomes voiced. Problems within a competing proposal by Mei Tsu-Lin, in which OC *s- devoices both sonorants and voiced obstruents, are pointed out.