返回義趨向詞作狀語──從語義框架看虛化

Directionals Expressing the Notion of “Return” as Adjuncts ─A Study of Grammaticalization from the Perspective of Semantic Frame

在漢語史上，趨向詞作補語是很普遍的現象，但這類詞卻很少作狀語。然而返回義趨向詞卻是例外。歷史上的返回義趨向詞，如「復」、「反」、「還」、「回」等，皆不約而同地發展出多項狀語功能，包括方式副詞、時間副詞、語氣副詞等。究竟返回義趨向詞如何發展出這些狀語功能？為何趨向詞中獨獨返回義趨向詞能有如此豐富的狀語功能？文中將透過語義框架(semantic frame) 觀察返回義趨向詞虛化出多種狀語功能的過程和機制，並藉此框架說明返回義趨向詞和其他趨向詞在狀語功能上的鮮明對比。

Generally speaking, Chinese directionals tend to be used as complements, but seldom as adjuncts. However, directionals expressing the notion of “return” are exceptions. Directionals expressing the notion of “return”, such as fu, fan, huan, hui, etc, all have grammaticalized into several kinds of adjuncts, including manner adverbs, temporal adverbs and modal adverbs. Drawing upon the semantic frame of directionals expressing the notion of “return”, this paper discusses this grammaticalization process and its mechanism and also explain why directionals expressing the notion of “return” have such a unique distribution among directionals.