「是否-V(N)P」句式的由來

The History of the Interrogative Structure shi fou-V(N)P

現代漢語的「是否-V(N)P」一般認為是古代漢語的句式，可是事實上我們至今尚未發現早於宋代的例子。本文認為它和「可否-VP」、「應否-VP」、「有無-V(N)P」等是同類的句式，文中就以「M-neg-V(N)P」來代表這些句式。文中指出，這種句式不但是近代漢語始見，在現代的漢語方言中也還有保存著的。本文除了考察這種句式在歷史文獻和現代方言的分布和使用狀況之外，也還進一步探討這種句式是如何產生與演變的。本文還附帶探討與「M-neg-V(N)P」問句形式相類的「Q-neg-V(N)P」問句，文中說明了「Qneg- V(N)P」的性質以及它的方言分布，並進而探討該句式的由來以及其與「M-neg-V(N)P」間的互動關係。

It has often been claimed that the modern Chinese interrogative form shi fou- V(N)P has its origin in Old Chinese, but no textual evidence for it has ever been found predating Early Mandarin. This study treats shi fou-V(N)P and three other forms, ke fou-VP, ying fou-VP and you wu-V(N)P, as instances of a general structure with the form M-neg-V(N)P. The general form M-neg-V(N)P is found not only in early and modern Mandarin, but also in modern Chinese dialects. This study first examines the distribution and uses of this structure in both historical texts and contemporary dialects, and then considers its genesis and development. In addition to M-neg-V(N)P, this study also discusses a similar interrogative structure, Q-neg- V(N)P. The features and dialectal distribution of this second structure are also investigated, and its origins and interaction with M-neg-V(N)P examined.