學者外交官：義大利人羅斯在中國，1908-1948

Giuseppe Ros as a Scholar-Diplomat in China, 1908-1948

羅斯（Giuseppe Ros）是一位義大利派駐中國的外交官，他的外交生涯有兩項特別之處，一是他於1908 年來到中國擔任副領事，直到1945年第二次世界大戰結束，僅在1918 年時回國一年餘，總計在華約37 年。二是這37 年間，他歷經了清朝、北洋、從南京到重慶的國民政府，以及汪兆銘國民政府治下的中國。羅斯在中國，除了履行外交官的任務外，他對中國相關的圖書資料收集甚豐，有「羅斯文庫」之稱，曾在戰前與戰時先後售予北平的北海圖書館和臺灣總督府圖書館。而他對海南之研究成績，使其獲聘為中央研究院特約研究員，也是極為特殊的經歷。由於戰時義大利承認汪政權，與重慶國民政府為敵，使得羅斯在戰後被扣上駐偽外交人員的帽子，必須接受調查與遣返。羅斯不願返回祖國，卻又面臨遣返的命運，所幸經過他本人的努力，以及包括胡適等人伸予援手，終於獲准暫留中國，其收集的海南與東西沙群島資料，贈與海南大學，也提供政府機構參考。對於中國來說，羅斯既是義大利外交官，也是一位深具特色的學者。

Giuseppe Ros was an Italian diplomat stationed in China. His foreign service career was special for two reasons: his extended stay in China, almost uninterrupted for thirty-seven years, and his accreditation under four successive governments: the Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China (ROC) government in Beijing, the ROC government of the Nationalist Party in Nanjing and Chongqing, and Wang Zhaoming’s ROC government in Nanjing. In addition to his diplomatic duties, Ros was devoted to collecting books, documents, and reference materials concerning China. The huge number of books and documents he accumulated was named the “Ros Collection.” Ros was invited to be a Research Fellow at Academia Sinica by special appointment for his achievements in research in Hainan Island, which was special honor for a foreign diplomat. However, after the war, Wang’s government was deemed a Japanese puppet regime, and Ros was labeled a “pseudo-diplomat” to be investigated and repatriated by the Nationalist Government. However, Ros had no intention of going back to Italy. With the support of Hu Shi and others, Ros was finally approved for a temporary stay in China. The materials he collected for research concerning Hainan, the Pratas Islands and the Paracel Islands were later donated to Hainan University and have been used as a reference source by government organizations.