長期照顧政策是照顧老人還是失能者？－－以蔡英文臉書為例探勘民眾認知

The subjectivity of long-term care policies in Taiwan: seniors or disabled? -- an example from Tsai's Facebook page

目標：本研究分析蔡英文在社群媒體（臉書粉絲專頁）上所發有關長照的文章，以及民眾留言，對於長期照顧政策之照顧對象的理解，究竟為「老人」還是「失能者」。方法：資料來源為蔡英文臉書粉絲專頁於2011年7月1日至2016年9月14日所發布的內容。以內容分析與文字探勘兩種方法分析，內容分析法將照顧對象的測量尺標分為六種，包含：無提及失能者或老人、聚焦失能者、偏向失能者、失能及老人兩者皆提及、偏向老人、聚焦老人；文字探勘則以詞頻、集群分析以及相關性測量長照相關發文及留言回應。結果：在內容分析法上，蔡英文發文及民眾留言的照顧對象之眾數皆在「聚焦老人」族群；以文字探勘法分析同一批資料，蔡英文臉書的發文中，「長照」與「老化」字詞的相關性為0.61，具有中度相關；以集群分析網友的留言，「長照」及「老人」字詞被歸在同一類中。結論：不論是蔡英文的發文或留言回應長照政策認知上，多於專注在老人族群，值得注意的是，長期照顧服務法之照顧對象應為身心失能持續已達或預期達六個月以上者，卻不是主要高度關注的對象。

Objectives: The aim of this study was to understand if people were able to discern the difference between ”seniors” and ”disabled” from Tsai's long-term care policies and the comments on Facebook by using content analysis and text mining. Methods: The data were retrieved from Facebook messages of Tsai Ing-wen from July 1st, 2011 to September 14th, 2016. We carried out content analysis by grouping the terms into six classifications: no mention, all disabled, some disabled, both disabled and seniors, some seniors, and all seniors. For text mining, we analyzed the frequency and relationship between keywords in the text. Results: Content analysis revealed that in most people's minds, “long-term care” meant taking care of ”seniors”. Text-mining Tsai's Facebook posts revealed ”long-term care” and ”aging” to have a correlation coefficient of 0.61; analysis of comments on messages found that ”long-term care” and ”seniors” fell into one group. Conclusions: According to the Long-Term Care Services Act, long-term care means care in accordance with the needs of any individual whose mental or physical incapacity has lasted or is expected to last for six months or longer. Both research methods found ”long-term care” to be associated with seniors, while those with disabilities were neglected.