中老年人健康狀況、性別化家務工作與生活滿意度相關性之兩性差異

Gender differences in the inter-relationships among health condition, gender-pattern housework, and life satisfaction in middle-aged and older adults

目標：瞭解不同性別的中老年人，健康狀況在「性別化家務工作」與「生活滿意度」關係中的調節效果。方法：資料來源為「台灣社會變遷基本調查第六期第二次家庭組問卷」，分析對象為當時55歲以上已婚有偶之中老年人計589人。使用多元迴歸分析，檢視健康狀況在「性別化家務工作」與「生活滿意度」間的關係。結果：（1）中老年人健康狀況越佳，生活滿意度也越高。（2）傳統男人家務與生活滿意度的關係，健康狀況具調節效果，且會因性別而不同。當中老年男性健康狀況較差，傳統男人家務參與愈多生活滿意度愈佳；但對身體較健康的男性，則傳統男人家務參與愈多生活滿意度愈低。對中老年女性來說，健康狀況愈好，傳統男人家務做越多生活滿意度愈佳；但對健康狀況較差的女性而言，做愈多傳統男人家務則生活滿意度愈差。結論：對未來家務工作與生活滿意關係的研究，除應考慮性別的議題，對中老年人更應加入身體健康的影響。此外，如何結合家務與健康使老年生活更為獨立與自主也是政策可考慮的方向。

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate how health status moderated the relationship between gender-pattern housework and life satisfaction from a sample of middleaged and older adults living with a partner in Taiwan. Methods: The data source was the 6th issue of the “Taiwan Social Change Survey”. The subjects (N=589) were restricted to people aged 55 or older. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate how health status moderated the relationship between gender-pattern housework and life satisfaction. Results: (1) Health status was positively associated with life satisfaction for older adults. (2) The moderation of health status on the relationship between the performance of traditional masculine housework and life satisfaction varied by gender. Older male adults tended to have higher life satisfaction when they had poor health and did additional traditional masculine housework; however, they tended to have lower life satisfaction when they had good health, and did additional traditional masculine housework. Older female adults who were in good health and did additional traditional masculine housework, tended to have higher life satisfaction; however, when older women with poor health did additional traditional masculine housework, they tended to have lower life satisfaction. Conclusions: For future studies, the relationship between gender-pattern housework and life satisfaction should consider not only gender differences but also health status, especially for older adults. In terms of policy, housework and health status should be considered together as an important condition for the independent living of older adults.