中文口語之社會語音研究： 以台灣所使用的「國語」為例

/kwo/ and /y/ in Taiwan Mandarin: Social Factors and Phonetic Variation

本文以1,159個訪談資料探討社會變因與「國語」一詞的語音變體與元音聲學特徵之間的關連。社會語言的量化數據支持由閩南語與客語轉向國語的語言轉移，已經造成一定程度的方言流失。性別、年齡層、教育程度、網路使用以及成長地點等社會因素與「國語」的三種語音變體使用相關－－標準形式、／w_o／合併與／y／去雙唇化。後二者為典型的帶閩南語口音之語音形式。儘管如此，／o／與／y／的聲學分析結果顯示，閩南語對於國語元音的影響僅止於閩南語使用最頻繁的族群。也就是說，在台灣使用的中文口語，即便經過與閩南語密切的語言接觸，造成語言的混合，也還未深化為一個穩定的語言變體型態。

This article studies three phonological variants of /kwo y/ and the acoustic properties of /o/ and /y/ in 1,159 Taiwan Mandarin face-to-face interviews from social perspectives. Language shift from Southern Min and Hakka towards Taiwan Mandarin, leading to dialect loss, is updated by quantitative evidence derived from a series of sociolinguistic analyses. Social factors including gender, age group, educational level, internet use, and childhood residence significantly correlate with the use of three /kwo y/ variants: the standard form, /w_o/ merger, and /y/ delabialization. The latter two variants are typical Southern Min-accented Mandarin pronunciation. However, results of acoustic analysis of /o/ and /y/ suggest that the influences of Southern Min are significant only in the group with the largest Southern Min exposure. That is, for Taiwan Mandarin in its current form, dialect mixing is progressing due to intensive contact with Southern Min. But it is not a stabilized end form of change, yet.