歸有光編〈玉虛子〉辨偽

The Scrutiny in the Faking of Yuxuzi

舊題歸有光《諸子彙函》收錄屈子作品十一篇，名曰〈玉虛子〉。乾隆間，四庫館臣已懷疑此書乃偽造。姜亮夫《楚辭書目五種》著錄〈玉虛子〉一卷，逕題為歸有光編，影響所及，當今學者沿之不疑。本文在四庫館臣的基礎上舉證補充，論析〈玉虛子〉之注文抄自王逸《楚辭章句》、洪興祖《楚辭補注》、朱子《楚辭集注》及陳深《屈子品節》，而108條評語（包括眉批與總評﹚中有100條是剿襲、黏合《屈子品節》、題焦竑《屈子品彙》及其他古籍，偽託明朝賢達為之。全書校勘草率，論點前後矛盾，實為坊賈射利之本。通過本文的論述，可推想《諸子彙函》全書的學術價值，也能藉而窺探明中葉以後作偽風氣蔓延的軌跡。

Yuxuzi 玉虛子, the 9th chapter of the Zhuzi Huihan 諸子彙函, a compilation of various classical works, contains 11 works of Qu Yuan屈原 (ca. 343 - ca. 277 B.C.). Published in 1625, the book is attributed to Gui Youguang 歸有光 (1506-1571), a famous scholar in the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). One and half centuries later, the editors of the Siku Quanshu 四庫全書 asserted that this book was a counterfeit made by a publishing house, because its style was different from Gui’s. In the 1950s, Jiang Liangfu 姜亮夫, a famous scholar of the Chuci 楚辭, once again claimed Gui Youguang as the author. His opinion has been subsequently followed by several contemporary scholars. This article aims to argue that the Yuxuzi plagiarizes the contents of a number of classics and puts them under the names of well-known Ming dynasty authors. Published mainly for commercial purposes, Yuxuzi is a collation of low quality and is replete with contradictory arguments. The scrutiny of the faking of the Yuxuzi urges us to reconsider the value of the Zhuzi Huihan and to examine the trend of forgery in the late Ming dynasty.