職場霸凌的概念分析

Concept Analysis of Workplace Bullying

「職場霸凌」是一個複雜又隱晦的概念，近幾年來已成為護理職場的重要國際性議題。職場霸凌是工作場所組織文化等相關前置因素運作不良之下的產物。職場霸凌的表現形式相當多元，許多研究也已證明，假若護理人員長期遭遇職場霸凌，會造成其身、心、社會的困擾，嚴重者有自殺意念或對護理職業產生負向觀感，甚至永遠離開護理工作。雖然目前國外已有不少文獻探討職場霸凌的導因、形式與處置，但並無針對職場霸凌作有系統的概念分析。本文以Walker及Avant的概念分析步驟來進行職場霸凌的概念分析，廣泛性地查證此概念的定義及確認其定義性特徵，並列舉典型、邊緣與相反之案例來說明，同時確認發生職場霸凌的前因與後果，最後描述文獻所呈現的相關實證資料。期望透過此系統性概念分析，釐清職場霸凌的意義，以幫助護理管理者對此概念有進一步的認識，並運用於護理管理及研究領域上，進而改善護理人員的職場工作環境。

Workplace bullying is a complicated and imprecise concept. Research findings have highlighted it as an important issue in the nursing environment worldwide. Workplace bullying arises due to malfunctions in workplace organizational and cultural related antecedents and manifests in various forms. Many studies have reported that nurses experiencing workplace bullying face increased levels of physical, psychological and social distress, may adopt suicidal thoughts and negativity towards the nursing profession, and may even abandon the nursing profession completely. Although a large number of papers have discussed the antecedents, forms and interventions related to workplace bullying, there has yet been no systematic concept analysis of workplace bullying. This paper applied Walker and Avant’s concept analysis process to verify concept definitions, identify defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences, and provide examples of model, borderline, and contrary cases. Findings can help nursing administrators understand and clarify the meaning of workplace bullying in order to take appropriate measures to improve the working environment for nursing professionals.