北宋讀詩詩與宋代詩學──從傳播與接受之視角切入

The Northern Song Dynasty,s Meta-poetry and Song Dynasty Poetics: From the Perspectives of Media and Acceptance

雕版印刷崛起，蔚為印刷傳媒，與寫本藏本相互爭輝，促成宋代圖書資訊普及，知識傳播多元而便捷。對於閱讀習慣、學習模式、創作方法、批評角度、審美情趣、學術風尚諸方面，勢必有所激盪與轉變。讀詩詩作為讀書詩之一支，於此頗有體現。《全宋詩》前30冊所載讀詩詩，凡40家92題131首，詩人之閱讀接受，審美意識，宋人之學古通變，宋代之詩學典範，甚至宋詩之變化於唐，而出其所自得，凡宋代詩話討論之詩學議題，於此多可以即器求道，順指而得月。由此觀之，此一詩歌史料，頗可與宋代詩話筆記中之詩學相互發明。就北宋詩人之閱讀定勢而言，白居易、韓愈、晚唐詩人之詩集於宋代刊本藏本多，傳播所及，選取作為閱讀詩集者亦較多，或作為粉本，或作為悟入，或作為意新語工之觸發，宋詩之學唐變唐，此中頗有體現；閱讀李白詩集者雖亦不少，卻多作為「李杜優劣論」之表述。陶淵明與杜甫以人格美與風格美兼備，符合宋人之期待視野，被尊奉為宋代詩學之最高典範。終宋之世，陶集杜集雕印版本繁多，供需相求，理有固然。考索北宋讀詩詩，讀陶、讀杜之詩篇，亦有如實之反映。北宋讀詩詩，褒貶予奪，去取從違之間，多與圖書傳播息息相關。從中頗可考察詩人之閱讀定勢與審美接受，於宋代詩學之學古論，自有佐證發明之價值。

With the emergence of and competition between engravings and written copies in the printing business, the popularity of bibliographical information and the dissemination of knowledge had advanced and diversified greatly in the Song Dynasty. Moreover, it not only influenced the way people read, learned, wrote, and criticized, but also reshaped aesthetic tastes and the academic milieu. As a branch of discursive meta-poetry, poetic meta-poetry exemplified such an influence. The first thirty volumes of The Oeuvre of Song Poetry, comprising ninety two different subjects and one hundred thirty one poetry-oriented meta-poems in forty schools, epitomized the reading acceptance, aesthetic taste, and poetic canon of the Song Dynasty, and how Song people turned the wisdom of antiquity into their own. Regarding reading tendencies, Bai Juyi白居易, Han Yu韓愈, and late Tang Dynasty poets were popular among the Northern Song poets. Consequently, the poetic style of the Song is actually derived from the emulation of Tang poetry. Although there was a profusion of poets reading Li Bai,s 李白 work, they were mostly reading with the intention of comparing Li,s poems with those of Du Fu杜甫. Tao Yuanming 陶淵明 and Du Fu were renowned for their dignity and poetic beauty, which appealed to the expectations of Song people. Hence they were revered in the classic canon of Song poetry. So it is not a surprise that the engraving poetry collections of both Tao and Du flooded into the market at the end of the Song Dynasty. While examining Northern Song poetryoriented meta-poetry, one can notice that the reading tendencies and aesthetic acceptance of poets is of great value for those wishing to study the theory of Song poetry.