〈馮燕傳〉、〈馮燕歌〉、〈水調七遍〉 對馮燕的謳歌──男性中心層級分明的道德體系呈現

The Feng Yen Chuan, Feng Yen Ko and Shui Tiao Chi Pien Sing Praises of Feng Yen: Showing the Clearly Classified Morality that is Male-Centered

發生在中晚唐時期，馮燕手刃要他殺夫的情婦，且出面自首，洗刷情婦之夫蒙受殺妻之冤的故事，相當膾炙人口。沈亞之據以寫下〈馮燕傳〉，宣揚馮燕「殺不義，白不辜」的義風。〈馮燕傳〉又被後人一再改寫，成為重要的母題，且馮燕的形象被進一步美化，這些都反映了傳統社會長時期共同認可的某一特殊的社會價值。馮燕故事的發展，是作者、作品與讀者交互影響下的發展。然而，馮燕由竊人之妻到「殺不義（婦）」、「白不辜」，一直到贏得代表體制的士大夫觀點認同的過程，成就的是個人的道德與榮譽；至於偷情對象張妻的生命與人格，都被徹底毀滅了。若探究馮燕「義風」的深層，可以發現，莊嚴的體制是由男性中心層級分明的道德體系建構起來的，而馮燕只要捍衛道德體系中的核心價值，就可以像乍然悟道的聖者，完成自己道德上的得救。本文以〈馮燕傳〉，以及後來的〈馮燕歌〉、〈水調七遍〉為例，解構三者在詮釋馮燕的行為時，背後所呈現的男性中心層級分明的道德觀；而馮燕的俠義倫理，雖看似激進，但仍有與主流秩序共享一套價值體系的保守面向。

The following story that took place in the mid-to-late Tang Dynasty was very popular. A man named Feng Yen馮燕 killed his paramour, who had wanted him to murder her husband, named Chang, with his blade. Then he turned himself in to clear the name of his paramour,s husband, who had been wrongly accused as a wife killer. Shen Ya-chih沈亞之 wrote the Feng Yen Chuan 馮燕傳 according to this story, and publicized the righteousness of Feng Yen “killing the unrighteous paramour, and clearing the name of the innocent.” The Feng Yen Chuan was rewritten again and again by succeeding people and became an important literary motif. And Feng Yen,s image was further glorified. This story reflects a certain social value that had been long approved by the traditional society. The development of the story of Feng Yen was influenced by interactions among the writers, the works, and the readers. Depiction of Feng Yen,s life underwent several changes, from“stealing someone's wife”to“killing the unrighteous paramour, and clearing the name of the innocent,”and then winning the approval of the literati and officialdom that represented the system. Nevertheless, what this process of changes accomplished is Feng Yen,s personal morality and honor; as for Chang,s wife, with whom Feng Yen had illicit love, her life and reputation were totally destroyed. If one goes into the depth of Feng Yen,s righteousness, one could find out that the solemn system is built up by the clearly classified morality that is male-centered. And Feng Yen only had to defend the core value of the moral system, and then he could be morally saved like a sage that suddenly realizes the truth of life. This article deconstructs the Feng Yen Chuan, and the later texts, Feng Yen Ko 馮燕歌 and Shui Tiao Chi Pien 水調七遍. While explaining the deeds of Feng Yen, the three texts have shown between unwritten lines the clearly classified morality that is male-centered. And although Feng Yen,s way of living up to chivalrous ethics seemed to be quite radical, it still shared the same conservative side of the value system with the mainstream order.