東加王國的海洋權利主張－－以歷史性水域問題為核心

Tonga's Claim of Maritime Rights—Focus on the Issues of Historical and Archipelagic Waters

東加群島是全部由多個群島構成的國家，大致按南北的方向排列。東加王國的海洋權利可以依據《聯合國海洋法公約》群島國來主張，即按照規定的方法劃定的群島基線所包圍的水域，但它卻在國家四個小島之間劃出一塊四角形的水域，主張以「歷史性水域」超越「群島水域」的概念，等於是將公海水域劃入領域水域之下，形成國際海洋法的課題。本文針對東加王國所主張「歷史性水域」的特殊法律地位海域的權利，探討其與聯合國海洋法公約間的法律見解是否為正確的國際法論述。

Tonga, an archipelagic states, is entitled to claim specific maritime rights based on the UNCLOS that provides a special regime for archipelagic baseline. Despite the framework provided by the UNCLOS, Tonga claims its maritime rights based on the idea of ＂historical waters＂ rather then the archipelagic waters. This approach includes several high seas area within its historical waters into its archipelagic zone and thereby expanding its territorial waters. This article aims to discuss Tonga's claim on maritime right and provide analysis on whether this claim can fit in current international law.