高齡駕駛者交通事故風險性之評估分析－－由家庭成員觀察的日常行為切入

Analysis of Elderly Drivers’ Traffic Crash Risk - Observation of Everyday Behavior by Family Members

為了降低高齡駕駛者交通事故的嚴重度與發生可能，先前研究多針對交通安全事故影響因子或駕駛行為進行探討，將焦點放在高齡駕駛者本身。本研究不同於以往，係以高齡駕駛者之「家庭成員」作為研究的切入點，透過臺南市老人福利團體為媒介，發放日常行為問卷給臺南市高齡駕駛者之家庭成員填寫，共回收407 份有效問卷，並以相關統計驗證方法得到假設驗證成立之結果。本研究據以建立簡易版「臺南市高齡者日常行為問卷」二套和問卷總得分對照表、分別推估潛在交通事故發生次數與潛在受傷程度的機率。本研究建立之日常行為問卷，可引導家庭成員與家中高齡駕駛者一同正視高齡者安全駕駛的重要性，本研究結果將提供給有關單位在發展交通政策時作參考。

To improve traffic safety problems of elderly people, previous studies aimed atfactors relating to traffic fatality and driver behavior, usually focusing on elderlydrivers themselves. Unlike previous studies, this paper adopts a different approachby investigating perspectives of elderly drivers’ family members. An elderly driverEveryday Behavior Questionnaire (EBQ) was developed and answered by theirfamily members. The effective sample size throughout Tainan City for this study is407. Statistical analyses and hypotheses tests are satisfactorily conducted. Basedon the findings, two sets of simplified EBQs are generated especially for elderlydrivers in Tainan City that would indicate the probability of involving in trafficcrashes and the potential accident severity. With these easily applied EBQs, it isexpected that family members would serve an important role in promoting trafficcrash prevention for the elderly drivers.