開放式數據為基礎之公共自行車營運特性分析：以臺北YouBike 為例

Operations Assessment Based on Open Data of Public Bike Systems: A Case Study of Taipei Youbike

本研究利用公共自行車系統分站車位數與分時可用車輛數，引進風險管理概念，建立缺車、缺位、可靠度、波動率、平均等候時間、使用率等六大營運服務指標。依據連續半年臺北市YouBike 租賃站每五分鐘時階車輛數資訊，針對逾808 萬筆有效數據進行分析得出：(1) 辨識五類空間熱點及三類時間熱點；(2) 探討平日與假日營運特性異同，進而建議後續應評估實施差別費率與備援車輛機制；(3) 釐清影響租賃站狀態的地理因素，以輔助現行設站準則；(4) 實例試算鄰站支援缺車熱點之效果，提出使用者主動式調度的具體作法。本研究將有限的原始資料發揮多元應用，指標模型可適用各公共自行車系統供主管與營運單位參考，建議未來能有更多元的開放式數據，作為共享運輸創新的基石。

This study adopts chronic data of public bike systems regarding the numbers ofavailable bikes and spaces of each station. Six operational indicators were developedin light of risk management, including the risk of insufficient bikes, risk of insufficientspaces, reliability, fluctuation, waiting time, and utilization rate. We collected Taipei’s“YouBike” data with a time span of 6 months for every 5 min., or a data size of8,080,128. The findings include: (1) identification of five types of spatial hotspots andthree types of temporal hot periods; (2) clarification of the operational characteristicson weekdays and weekends, upon which differential pricing and backup mechanismwere based; (3) proposal of geographic factors that would affect the status of bikestations－a complement to the current criteria for building new stations; and (4)quantification of the joint effect of adjacent stations to ease hotspots along with anapproach to active bike dispatch. This study demonstrated multiple applications givenvery limited data types. The authorities can use the model for better operationsmanagement. It is suggested that more open data to be released for innovative sharedtransport.