強化農業信用保證機制之分析

An Analysis of Enhancing the Mechanism of Agricultural 207 Credit Guarantee System

本文針對台灣農業信用保證制度的實施做一回顧與檢討，並參酌美國農家信用管理局辦理保證貸款的成功經驗，提出強化我國農業信用保證機制與功能的建議。文中歸納農業信用保證機制的問題在於資金不足、參與機構受限、保證貸款品質日趨惡化、代位清償大幅增加等方面。建議將農業信用保證擴及一般銀行的農業貸款，並防範「道德危機」問題；保證機制的設計應有效降低貸款風險。此外，農業信用保證制度的內容應能反映農業經濟環境的變化，亦能呼應我國未來的農業發展方向。

This paper intends to evaluate the overall performance of theagricultural credit guarantee system in Taiwan. We review thesuccessful experience of loan guarantee programs provided by the FarmService Agency in the U.S. and propose policy suggestions forenhancing the mechanism and performance of the agricultural creditguarantee system in Taiwan. The main concerns of this system can besummarized into: the shortage of its funding, limited participation ofbanks, worse quality of guaranteed loans, and the increase of delinquentloans. We suggest to encourage the participation of banks in thesystem, and to avoid the problem of moral hazard as well. We alsosuggest the mechanism should be designed to reduce the risk ofguaranteed loans. In addition, our loan guarantee programs should beconsistent with the trend of changing agricultural economic environmentand the future development of agriculture in Taiwan.