社區老人休閒活動研究現況

A Review of Current Studies on Leisure Activities Performed by Community-Dwelling Elders

本文針對55歲以上社區老人休閒活動之研究現況進行彙整。資料來源為2008年以前收錄於中華民國期刊論文索引系統、中文電子期刊服務、Medline、Ageline等資料庫之相關文獻，依照收案條件，最後共17篇研究納入分析。分析結果顯示：現今老人休閒活動測量主要可分為條列活動種類或以頻率計分兩種方式。多數研究顯示老人多參與靜態的休閒活動，且參與休閒活動對認知功能與心理健康有正面影響。但因各研究取樣之差異及對休閒活動之測量缺乏一致性，導致難以呈現老人休閒活動的全貌，同時在現存有限的文獻中，又多為橫斷性研究設計，致使研究結果的推論性受到限制。建議未來研究應先以老人休閒活動意涵的質性研究結果，作為發展符合本土情境的休閒活動測量，配合老化理論的應用，對不同老人群體進行研究，以建構老人休閒相關的實證性資料。

This article reviewed and summarized the findings of previously published studies on the leisure activities of community elders over 55 years of age. A total of 17 related articles, published before 2008, were identified in the search of electronic databases, which included the Chinese Periodical Table of Contents Index Image System, CEPS, Medline and Ageline. Leisure activities measurements used in this study consisted of recoding activities either categorically or by frequency. The majority of research indicated that elderly engage in primarily static activities and that participation in leisure activities had positive effects on cognitive and psychological health. However, inconsistencies in results were found due to differences in measurement tools and sample populations used among studies, making it difficult to conduct a valid comparison of specific features of elderly leisure activities. Most current leisure activity studies utilize cross-sectional research methodologies with restricted topics, which result in limited applicability of research results. In conclusion, we suggest that future studies should develop instruments to assess leisure activities that correspond to local conditions identified through qualitative research. With such, researchers can study different age groups by applying relevant ageing theories to construct empirical data related to current elderly leisure activities.