風險評估之概念分析

Risk Assessment: A Concept Analysis

風險評估是當有一目標及待決定事件時，判斷可能造成的負面影響，詳細的檢查可能會造成損失的事件，並運用有效的資訊定量測量負面事件發生的可能性，其目的是提供管理者作決策的依據，進而執行風險管理，避免損失發生或減少損失的程度。國內大多應用風險評估的概念於金融、環境污染、職業安全等方面上，醫護領域則較不廣泛，且國內文獻對於風險評估概念缺乏完整且有系統的分析，因此，本文利用Walker和Avant（2005）提出之概念分析步驟，進行風險評估之概念分析，本文先廣泛查證此概念的定義，再確認出定義性特徵，並以模範案例、相反案例、邊緣案例、相關案例以做說明，確認前因後果及討論實證性資料。希冀透過此概念分析，能增進護理人員對「風險評估」的認識，並將此概念運用在護理臨床實務上，找出發生意外或罹患疾病的高危險群，進而採取適當的預防措施，避免意外或疾病的發生。

Risk assessments are conducted to assess the negative influences and potential losses related to a prospective goal or decision. The main practical purpose of risk assessment is to provide information, which can then be used to manage identified potential risks to avoid their occurrence or minimize their influence. To date, the risk assessments have primarily been applied to finance, environmental pollution and employment. Risk assessment has been applied only in a limited manner in the fields of medical treatment and nursing. Literature on risk assessment lack analysis that is systematic and complete. This article applies the methodology of Walker and Avant (2005) to analyze the concept of risk assessment. Steps include a review of the literature on conceptual definitions of risk assessment, determining the defining attributes of risk assessment, model construction, defining parameters and related cases, and identifying antecedents and consequences. Once completed, empirical references of risk assessment were explored. The authors hope that this analysis can assist nursing stuff to gain a better understanding of risk assessment concepts in order to apply knowledge gained to clinical practice. As such, nursing stuff will be able to apply the concept of risk assessment to identify risk, control risk, and reduce the occurrence and loss of accidents.