廈門黑幫籍民的形成與發展(1895～1937)－－由「臺匪」到「武力派」

The Formation and Development of Taiwanese Gang Organization in Amoy (1895-1937): From “Taiwan Banditry” to “Armed Groups”

本文皆在探討日治時期臺灣黑幫於廈門黑社會立足並發展之過程，並試圖探討其與日本對華政策間之關係。臺灣黑幫原本被日方視為不逞之徒，且被中國社會鄙稱為「臺匪」，為毫無利用價值之治安毒瘤，中日雙方皆欲除之而後快。但由於中國反日運動之興起，而危及在華日本人之生計，故日本領事開始採用操縱臺灣黑幫來對抗中國反日運動之策略，並產生極大效果。此後，日方對黑幫籍民之觀感發生改變，而改以中性之用語「武力派」稱之，其存在價值獲得日方肯定。黑幫籍民亦因日人之袒護而獲得了發展之機會，但同時其本身也逐漸受到日方所操縱，而被引導入日本大陸政策之運作機制中。

This article looks at how Taiwanese gang organization formed in Amoy during the Japanese occupation period in Taiwan, and tries to understand the relationship between it and Japanese policies concerning China. Taiwanese gangs were originally despised as “Taiwan banditry” by the Chinese, and were thought to be harmful to the social order. Both the Chinese and the Japanese governments wanted to extinguish them. But the birth of the anti-Japanese movement endangered the bread-and-butter of the Japanese in China. Therefore, the Japanese Consul started to manipulate Taiwanese gangs to resist the movement, a method that proved to be very effective. From then on, the Japanese government changed its attitude towards Taiwanese gangs, and the nickname by which it referred to them. It now called them “armed groups,” a name that implied that the Japanese government affirmed their existence. With Japanese support, Taiwanese gang organization grasped an opportunity to develop, but in the meantime it was gradually manipulated by the Japanese to become part of the operating mechanism of Japan’s continental policy.