東勢客家話的重疊結構與變調

Reduplication and Tone-Sandhi in the Tungshih Hakka Dialect

本文探討東勢客家話重疊結構和聲調的關係，指出東勢客家話共有十種重疊結構，而在AAA、AAAA、ABAB與ABCABC等四種重疊結構中，具有和一般連讀變調不同的特殊變調；其中AAAA式的變調是一種聲調格套化的韻律變調，而其他三種則具有語法意義，除改變形容詞形容程度外，主要的作用更在區別重疊結構中的「詞組」。此外，本文也指出東勢客家話重疊結構在方言比較上的意義：AAA式重疊變調在客家話中雖非獨有但現象頗為特殊，其出現和台灣閩南語或粵語有關；ABAB和ABCABC式的重疊變調，據目前所知也是東勢客家話所獨有，而可能是東勢客家話和台灣閩南語接觸互動後的產物。最後，綜合本文及其他討論東勢客家話變調的文章，呈現東勢客家話的變調類型。

There are ten kinds of reduplicative constructions in the Tungshih Hakka dialect, and four of them bear specific tone sandhi different from ordinary, disyllabic tone sandhi rules. In the reduplication of AAAA, the tone sandhi is based on metricality. However, the tone-sandhi of the other three reduplications, namely AAA, ABAB and ABCABC, is not purely a phonological phenomenon; it also provides some grammatical functions such as changing the intensity of the adjectives or distinguishing phrases from words in reduplication. In addition, this paper attempts to compare the reduplications of Tungshih with those of other dialects, and to point out that the specific tone sandhi of AAA reduplication is related to Yue or to a Taiwanese Southern Min dialect, and that the tone sandhi of ABAB and ABCABC reduplications is probably the result of external influence from Taiwanese Southern Min.