金代漢族士人的地域分布－－以政治參與為中心的考察

The Regional Distribution of Chinese Literati in the Jin Dynasty: As Based on Political Participation

宋金對峙期間，金朝統治改變了中國北方漢族士人的地域分布狀況。如將金朝疆域分成滿蒙、河北、河南、山西、山東、陝甘等六大區域，則見河北與山西已為金代的重要漢士產出區域。相形之下，其餘區域的產出狀況則遠為不如。這種現象，主要源於金朝國防政策的設計、金宋分割的政治地緣環境、與黃河氾濫等三項因素。本文先以士人、進士、宰執三種人物為統計樣本，說明六大區域的漢士分布狀況，並分析金代漢士地域分布格局的形成原因。然而，上述影響漢士地域分布的主要因素，並無法充分解釋山東地區的「沒落」，因此最後將另闢一節，觀察宗教氣氛的瀰漫對該地發展的影響。

The regional distribution of Chinese literati in the Jin 金 dynasty was different from that of previous dynasties. Between A.D. 1123 and 1234, the territory of the Jin dynasty, established by the Jurchen, could be divided into six regions: Manchuria-Mongolia, Hopei, Honan, Shantung, Shansi, Shensi- Kansu. While Chinese literati came from all regions except for Manchuria- Mongolia, statistics for the regional distribution of prime ministers, of jinshi 進士, and of other Chinese literati show that most came from Hopei and Shansi. The primary reasons behind this are concerned with the influence of Jin dynasty policy, the antagonistic situation between Jin and Southern Sung, and the flooding of the Yellow River. However, these reasons cannot adequately explain the “decline” of the Shantung region. Therefore, attention is given at the end of the paper to the influence of religiosity on this region.