跨國CO2 排放交易機制初始總量分配之檢視──不同公平準則下個別國家與世界整體之衝突與調和

Initial Rights CO2 Emission Allocation under Emission Trading Scheme: The Discrepancy between Country and World with Different Equity Criteria

本文之目的首先在建構涵蓋公平性原則的一般化跨國初始排放權分配及交易模式，進行跨國參與排放權交易前後總減量成本模擬分析。同時比較有無參與排放權交易之總減量成本的差異，檢視符合世界整體利益之公平性原則，與站在各發展群組國家觀點下，所採用的公平性原則之異同。而此一模擬過程也分析美國、中國與印度，個別國家與世界立場之差異。結果顯示，站在世界整體的立場，「污染者付費模式」將帶來最多的成本節省，預期使得排放交易機制之實施遭遇較小的阻礙。依此，在實施排放權交易後，唯有中高與中低發展群組國家所決定的「污染者付費分配模式」公平準則，是與站在世界整體的立場一致。而以相同方式觀察美國、中國與印度，在世界整體觀點下所採用的「污染者付費分配模式」，與站在此三國各別立場是完全不一致的，因而要促使此三國參與排放交易機制，相對而言將較為困難。

The purposes of this study are firstly to construct an operationalequitable initial rights allocation model. Then, it is to determine the equityprinciple under cost effectiveness for countries with different levels ofeconomic development. The same analytic process is applied to China,India, and the United States.The results show that the attractiveness for the groups of uppermiddle-income and low middle-income countries to join the emissionreduction array are much easier than the other groups of the countriessince the lowest total abatement cost for those groups with emissiontrading will occur at the same equity criterion as those without emissiontrading. As with China, India, and the United States, the lowest costoccurs at full capacity weight of GDR framework, egalitarian, andsovereignty respectively. It is thus a challenge to bring those threecountries into the emission trading array due to such equity discrepancybetween individual country and the world as a whole.