乳癌高危險群婦女執行乳房自我檢查之健康信念與行為

Health Beliefs and Breast Self-Examination Behaviors among High-Risk Women

本研究係探討影響乳癌高危險群婦女執行乳房自我檢查行為之健康信念。採方便取樣，以結構式問卷收集158名乳癌病患之一等女性血親之資料加以分析。研究工具係採專家效度，Cronbach’sα值介於.60－.78。研究發現（1）20（含）歲以上乳癌病患之一等女性血親，能夠每月定期執行乳房自我檢查僅佔27.2%。（2）「大眾傳播媒體」為獲得乳房自我檢查相關知識之主要來源。（3）「不知道怎麼做」、「想做但容易忘記」，是從未執行以及未定期執行乳房自我檢查之主要行動障礙。（4）自我效能及年齡最能解釋個案過去執行乳房自我檢查行為。（5）最能解釋個案定期執行乳房自我檢查行為之因子為自我效能。研究結果建議衛生單位擴大以大眾傳播媒體作為乳房自我檢查宣傳工具之考量基礎；實務上護理人員設計衛教內容宜著重如何提昇自我效能，並設計如何克服忘記之困難，以提高乳癌高危險群婦女定期執行乳房自我檢查之比例。

The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with breast self-examination among high-risk women. A structured questionnaire was utilized to collect data from a convenience sample of 158 first-degree female relatives of breast cancer patients. Internal consistency with Cronbach’s α was .6 to .78. The findings of the study were as follows (1) Only 27.2% of first-degree female relatives of breast cancer patients aged 20 or above performed BSE monthly. (2) The main resource for BSE information was the mass media. (3) “Don’t know how” and “forgot” were major barriers to performing BSE. (4) Self-efficacy and age were correlated with BSE. (5) Self-efficacy was correlated with regular BSE. The study results suggest utilizing the mass media as a promotion tool for educating high-risk women to perform BSE regularly. In nursing practice, how to enhance self-efficacy and how to overcome the memory problem will be the highlighted issues in developing health education programs for BSE.