民眾對警察的信任──從公正、廉潔、手段正當及維護治安績效等要素論述

Confidence in the Police: Focus on Fairness, Integrity, Procedure, and Performance

本文是在探討民眾對警察信任，藉由檢閱文獻說明對警察信任的重要性及影響民眾信任的要素。很多層面的因素影響民眾對警察的信任，本文聚焦在公正、廉潔、手段正當及維護治安績效等要素論述。公眾的對警察的意見是重要的，因信任警察代表的是民眾接受警察的角色及行為，讓警察的工作效能提升，也是評估警察績效的指標。對華人（中國和臺灣）的調查研究顯示，機構績效理論的因素較社會結構及文化理論的因素對警察的態度更其有影響力。機構績效理論的觀點是認為民眾對警察的認知是受到警察特別績效及政府機關一般績效的影響，譬如能否接受到警察服務、政府回應性與官員貪腐情形。在臺灣的實證調查顯示，臺灣民眾傾向以混合程序及結果為基礎的信任評估警察。本文就機構績效理論的社會要素（公正、廉潔、手段正當及維護治安績效）作討論，並說明其均對警察信任產生影響。

The purpose of this paper is to review the literature of confidence in the police and its social determinants with a focus on fairness, integrity, procedure, and performance. Public opinion toward the police is important for some reasons. First, confidence in the police concerns public acceptance of the role and conduct of the police. Second, cooperation from the public enhances police work. Finally, it could be one of the indicators of police performance. Previous research shows the institutional performance thesis has received the strongest support than the social structural thesis and the cultural thesis in both China and Taiwan. The institutional performance perspective argues that citizens' perceptions of the police are shaped by their evaluations of police performance in particular, and government performance in general. Therefore accessibility of police service, responsiveness of the government, and experience with corruption have all made a strong impact on confidence in police. Taiwan residents tend to conflate procedural-based trust and outcome-based trust in their evaluations of the police. Social determinants of the institution performance thesis are discussed and have an conflated effect on confidence in police.