軍事審判機制廢除得失之檢討──兼論專業性審判的構想

Reviewing the Merits and Demerits of Abolishing Military Jurisdiction

軍事審判的問題積習已久，其既無法順應法治時代的要求，基本觀念也多有瑕疵。各種檢討的聲浪，不斷湧現，終究因個案的情緒而爆發，迫使得軍事審判機制不得不重新檢討，而促成2013年軍事審判法的修正。然而軍事審判的癥結問題，係在於軍事審判法本身，真正解決問題的方法，亦應是重新翻轉軍事審判的法律規範。然遺憾的是，軍事審判法並未因此而廢除或重新制定，僅是做相當微幅的修正調整，反而是依軍事審判法為處理的軍事審判機關，卻遭凍結的命運，而將原本屬於軍事審判的案件，悉數交予一般司法機關處理。此種解決軍事審判制度的方式，可謂是本末倒置，其不但無助於解決軍事審判的問題，反而更造成一般司法機關審理軍事案件的困擾，此種修法與凍結軍事審判機關的作法，甚難令人信服！

The operation of the military justice system in Taiwan has been problematic for a long time since it can not meet the demand for the era of rule of law but also the parameter of martial justice has its own defects. The voice of overhauling the system has been loud especially when some individual cases raged the public against the intergrity of martial justice. Finally, in 2013, the military justice system was amended. The major problem of the military justice system is the law of martial justice per se. The genuine solution is to overhaul the stipulations of martial justice law. Regrettably, the martial justice law was not abolished or renewed but only amended by a small margin and the court of martial justice was abrogated in the end. All the military cases of indictment in the purview of martial justice courts have to be transferred to tribunal courts. However, this solution is to put the cart before the horse. Not only can it not resolve the problems of martial jurisdiction but also it causes more bur den s for tribunal courts. The final result is not convicing to the pundits of criminal law.