國際人權法與雙重危險禁止原則

International Human Rights Law and Protection Against Double Jeopardy

我國於2009 年3 月31 日正式批准《公民與政治權利國際公約》、《經濟社會文化權利國際公約》及通過《兩公約施行法》，其中《公民與政治權利國際公約》第14 條第7 款內容即是一罪兩罰精神之體現，亦有認即是雙重危險之概念。然被動國籍原則已在大陸法系國家之內國法制暢通無阻，且英美兩國因恐怖主義盛行，已在英美法系國家帶頭在國內刑法建置被動國籍原則，因此在競合管轄中之同一刑事犯罪行為，當被告被競合國家中任一國家起訴，依雙重危險禁止原則，法理上將中止該犯罪行為之另外其他國家追訴審判，亦將防止同一犯行而對另一國家之引渡，此將產生誘因以確定這事先努力尋求管轄之國家，是否是首要最可能定罪之國家，其他國家將自然提供協助而進行國際合作，此即為雙重危險禁止原則個中奧妙之所在。

Taiwan has ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on 31 March 2009 and adopted the Law on the Application of the Two Conventions, including article 14, paragraph 7, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The content is a manifestation of the spirit of protection against being prosecuted multiple times for a single offense. The principle of passive personality has been unimpeded in the civil law system of civil law countries, and the prevalence of terrorism in Britain and the United States has led Anglo-American countries to take lead prosecuting criminals for actions committed abroad that impacted their citizens. These domestic criminal law passive personality actions, effectively compete for jurisdiction regarding the same criminal action. When the accused is sued by any State, other States need to consider delaying extradition demands and suspending prosecution of the offense in accordance with the principle of protection against double jeopardy. This is the essence of avoiding exposing the accused to double jeopardy and international cooperation is essential.