國際人權條約與財產權保障

International Human Right Instruments and the Protection of Property Right

大多數民主國家的憲法都保障財產權，這種權利被認為是與個人自由相關的重要部分，同時也是以自由市場和競爭為基礎的經濟體制的關鍵。但財產權不是絕對的，允許受到一些限制，但在不同的法律制度中，對於個人財產權的限制差別極大。這種保護很容易與如社會、文化、結社和言論自由等其他權利發生衝突。由於在各國的法律制度中，財產概念的範圍和允許的限制有很大的不同，所以很難建立財產權的國際標準。本文旨在介紹國際人權法典保障私有財產的討論過程，並探討其他條約、宣言以及普遍性區域性人權公約有關財產權的條款。

Most of the democratic states specifically protect individual property right in their Constitution. The property right has been regarded as part of an individual freedom as well as the basic element of the free market economy. However, property right is not absolute and does subject to several restrain. The level of protection of individual property right varies with different legal systems as it can be limited by factors including social, cultural, assemble and expression freedom. Given the disparity of level of protection, it’s hard to for international society to establish an uniform standard. This article aims to introduce the negotiation process regarding the inclusion of property right in international human right instruments and provide analysis on various provisions on the protection of property rights under treaty, international declaration, and regional human rights instruments.