朴槿惠時代韓國與越南經貿關係

South Korea-Vietnam Economic Relations under President Park Geun-hye

南韓與我國經濟發展層次相當，同屬亞洲新興工業化經濟體，出口產品頗為相似。因此，在國際市場上一直是我國的主要競爭對手。就東南亞而言，過去依恃我僑胞勢大，與南韓競爭，我國一直居於優勢。儘管如此，進入1990年代以來一方面由於南韓與東協的政治關係不斷強化，一方面由於南韓積極增加對東南亞的直接投資與經濟援助，因而使得南韓與東協各國的經貿互動快速成長已成為一股不可忽視的勢力。進入本世紀以來，更因自由貿易協定的擴散、亞洲經濟整合與中國大陸工資大幅攀升而使韓國與東協經貿整合加速，尤其是與越南經貿關係越加緊密，而我國則因遲遲未能與越南以及東協簽署FTA，不僅遭到邊緣化，且越來越難與韓國在越南競爭。而越南同時是我國與南韓對東南亞投資貿易與經援的主要對象。本文主旨即欲探討韓國與越南雙邊經貿互動做為我國新政府推動新南向政策的參考與借鏡。首先將概述南韓與越南之外交關係發展之軌跡，繼而從雙邊貿易、韓國對越投資與經援三個角度來深入剖析進入21世紀以來韓越經貿關係，尤其聚焦於朴槿惠(Park Geun-hye)總統時代，終而對我國新南向政策做出建言。

South Korea’s economic development level is quite similar to ours, given that both countries are developed economies and 77% of our export are overlapping.1 The economic structural similarities of the two countries lead to their relationship featured with more competition than cooperation in the global market. Moreover, enterprises of both countries share the same strategy viewing Vietnam as a manufacturing hub of their business operations and a gateway to ASEAN. As a result, Taiwan was Vietnam’s biggest investor for quite a long time until 2012 when Japan and South Korea outperformed Taiwan in Vietnam’s investment. In this paper, the author intends to explore South Korea-Vietnam relations in general but with a particular focus on the bilateral economic relations under President Park Geun-hye from three angles, bilateral trade, South Korea’s investment in Vietnam and South Korea’s economic assistance to Vietnam. Then it will be concluded by prospects and challenges as well as implications for Taiwan.