產前遺傳診斷及其照護

Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis and Related Nursing Care

產前遺傳診斷是優生保健重要的環節；藉由及早偵測出胚胎或胎兒的異常，可早期預防或採取進一步的處置，以降低先天性缺陷的發生。隨著遺傳檢測技術的精進，護理人員面對須進行遺傳性診斷個案之機率將益增。本文依懷孕的時程簡介幾種常見的產前遺傳診斷方式，綜合性的陳述個案在接受診斷時可能的身心反應及其照護原則，並就與產前遺傳診斷相關的倫理議題提出討論。

Prenatal genetic diagnosis plays an important role in eugenics. Early detection of embryo and fetus abnormalities allows preventive precautions to be taken and treatment to begin early in order to reduce the severity and extent of congenital deformities. Advancements in genetic diagnostic techniques infer that nurses are increasingly likely to deal with prenatal genetic diagnosis cases. This essay introduces a few prevalent prenatal genetic diagnosis methods used at different stages of pregnancy; describes in a comprehensive manner the potential physical and psychological responses of the client; and introduces principles of administering prenatal genetic diagnosis to healthcare clients. Ethical issues related to prenatal genetic diagnosis are also discussed.