婦女預防保健與健康政策－－性別主流化的觀點

Women's Preventive Healthcare and Health Policy from the Gender Mainstreaming Perspective

從女性主義及性別主流化的觀點來探討婦女健康與預防保健，使婦女健康與預防保健由母育的照顧，擴展至婦女的多重角色以及生命週期的探討，並促使護理人員以更宏觀的觀點來反思當代的婦女健康並提供適當的預防保健服務。本文從世界衛生組織性別主流化與婦女健康政策、台灣性別主流化與婦女健康政策發展、護理人員在婦女預防保健的角色功能，來論述護理專業對當代婦女的預防保健服務，並以行政院衛生署的婦女健康政策白皮書為基礎，發揮多重角色的扮演，包括健康照顧提供者、資訊提供者、教育者、代言者、諮詢者、研究者等。護理人員可從各種策略，發揮婦女預防保健的角色功能，包括：(1)改變傳統對生殖的看法，(2)提供正確充分的預防保健資訊，(3)關注醫療介入措施可能對婦女的不良影響，(4)正視健康照顧體系可能成為婦女的壓力源，(5)正視婦女的就醫環境與醫療空間，(6)關注社會文化與婦女預防保健的關係，以及(7)將婦女納為主要的研究對象。

Feminist and gender mainstreaming perspectives can help expand consideration of women's health and preventive healthcare beyond maternal and reproductive care to encompass the multiple roles and life span experiences of women. Such a shift may encourage the adoption by nursing professionals of broader viewpoints that address contemporary women's health priorities and facilitate the delivery of more appropriate preventive healthcare. This article discusses the World Health Organization's gender mainstreaming and women's health policies, gender mainstreaming women's health policies in Taiwan, and the roles of nurses in women's preventive healthcare. Based on the Women's Health Policy White Paper proposed by Taiwan's Department of Health, when working with female clients, nurses should play multiple roles that include healthcare provider, information provider, educator, advocate, consultant and researcher. Strategies that may be employed to achieve these roles include: (1) Adjusting perceptions toward traditional reproduction; (2) Providing correct and sufficient medical information; (3) Considering possible adverse effects of medical interventions on women; (4) Considering the healthcare system as a probable stressor for women; (5) Considering women's medical environment and space; (6) Exploring the relationship between socio-culture and women's preventive healthcare and (7) Recruiting women as major subjects in healthcare research.