外陰部的黑色素瘤

Vulvar Melanom

外陰部的黑色素瘤可能是由鱗狀上皮基底層中的黑色素細胞長出的腫瘤。外陰的原發性腫瘤85％為鱗狀上皮癌，9％為黑色素瘤。治療外陰黑色素瘤採局部廣大切除或外陰切除，與根除性外陰切除加鼠蹊部淋巴結摘除的結果相近，故對局部淋巴結摘除的必要性尚有爭論。通常放射線治療和化學治療也不能延長生存率。

Melanoma is a tumor originating from neuroectoderm. Vulvar melanoma may develop de novo from melanocytes resting the basal layer of squamous epithelium. About 85% of primary vulvar malignancies are squamous cell carcinomas. The second most frequent (9%) vulvar cancer is vulvar melanoma. Vulvar malignant melanomas are extremely rare and aggressive neoplasms. Several authors found no difference in recurrence or survival between women treated with wide excision or hemivulvectomy compared with those who underwent radical vulvectomy and inguinal lymphadenectomy. Controversies still exist over the value of regional lymphadenectomy. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy have generally not proven to offer any survival benefit.