糧商參與稻米產銷專業區營運之利潤效率分析

Profit Efficiency Analysis of Grain Merchants Involved in the Specialized Rice Production and Marketing Areas

近年來，政府積極推動稻米產銷專業區計畫，對於契作價格、生產管理、講習觀摩及推廣行銷均有相當的規範，有別於傳統的稻米保價收購政策。因此，本文旨在衡量糧商參與稻米產銷專業區計畫之利潤效率表現及其影響因素，以作為評估營運成效及政策之參考。研究結果發現：糧商在專業區與非專業區之利潤效率有顯著的差異，即糧商在專業區與非專業區的共同利潤效率，分別為0.8065 及0.5760，表示專業區的營運模式確實可創造更大的利潤；在不同地區的糧商中，以南部及東部糧商在參與專業區的利潤效率及共同利潤率表現相對較佳；在糧商的組織型態方面，因農會與碾米工廠同時兼具與在地農民的良好互動及稻米產銷的專業經營，致使利潤效率及共同利潤率表現相對較佳；此外，也發現糧商經營的稻米品種多元化或銷售品牌集中化，均可獲致較高的共同利潤效率及共同利潤率，而在百貨公司、有機店、宅配等新興的銷售通路，相較於其他傳統通路而言，均與利潤效率呈現顯著的正相關。

In recent years, the government actively promotes the “specializedrice production and marketing areas” for the acquisition policies oncontracted price, production management, workshops, and promotionmarketing, which is different from traditional rice guaranteed purchasingprice policy. This paper is aimed to evaluate the profit efficiency and itsinfluencing factors of the grain merchants participate in “specialized riceproduction and marketing areas”. The results show that grain merchantshave significant differences in profit efficiency whether from specializedrice production and marketing areas or not. The meta profit efficiency ofspecialized rice production and marketing areas and non- specializedrice production and marketing areas are 0.8065 and 0.5760, respectively.Moreover, it also shows that the operating mode of specialized riceproduction and marketing areas can indeed create greater profits. Theprofit and meta profit efficiency of the southern and eastern grainmerchants are the best among different regions under specialized riceproduction and marketing areas. The meta profit efficiency of the farmers’ association and rice factory are better than other organization types ofthe grain merchants due to good interaction with farms and professionalmanagement of rice production and marketing. The results also showthat the rice varieties of the grain merchants or lesser brand name willcause higher meta profit efficiency and meta profit ratio. Comparing withother traditional channels, the new sale channels in the departmentstores and organic stores, online shopping, and delivery indicate asignificant positive correlation with profit efficiency.