台灣養豬戶之效率與生產力變動分析：以連續記帳戶樣本為例

The Efficiency and Productivity Change of the Hog Farms Participating in the Record-Keeping Program in Taiwan

有鑒於養豬戶自2006 年起開始面臨飼料價格上漲導致不少養豬戶因此出現虧損的問題，本文以資料包絡分析法分析2004 年～2006 年29 家樣本養豬戶之技術效率、規模效率、分配效率以及生產力的變動，來探討飼料價格上漲前後各養豬戶經營績效的差異，進而提供養豬戶提高競爭力的建議。效率衡量結果發現，樣本中養豬戶的各項經營績效普遍有逐漸追趕上標竿廠商的態勢。2006 年29 家養豬戶之平均成本效率值為0.814，顯示養豬戶平均仍有節省18.6％之生產成本的空間。如進一步將成本效率作分解，則可發現如要提高全面性的效率，主要應由純技術效率方面加以著手，而養豬戶的認證輔導以及生產規模的擴增將分別對技術效率與規模效率的改善有所助益。至於生產力變動分析的結果則顯示，2004 年～2006 年間樣本養豬戶的生產技術並未進步，顯示生產技術仍是養豬戶未來提升生產力時須特別加強的部分。此外，觀察飼料價格上漲與豬肉價格下跌時仍能獲利之養豬戶飼養行為可發現，良好之豬場管理與育成率仍然是影響獲利的關鍵所在。但就長期而言，養豬戶應進一步加強與供銷系統之結合，提升肉品之產銷價值，以減輕外在條件的影響，創造額外的附加價值。

In order to explore the performances of Taiwan’s hog production, theapproaches of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Indexare adopted to evaluate the cost efficiency and total factor productivitychange of 29 hog farms participating in the record-keeping program inTaiwan over the three year interval. Empirical results show that the costefficiency of these farms has improved over time, but can be improved by18.65% on average. The decomposition results indicate that the puretechnical efficiency performed the worst. The second stage regressionresults indicate that technical assistance and scale expansions arebeneficial to the pure technical and scale efficiency performance. TheMalmquist Index results further indicate that the major source ofproductivity growth is technical efficiency improvement rather thantechnological progress. Therefore, how to upgrade the structure andperformance of hog operation has important implications for the industryas well as the public policy makers.