論刑法上的醫師保密義務

Doctor's Obligation of Confidentiality in the Criminal Law

在現代的醫病關係中，醫師對於病患隱私的保護扮演了極重要的角色。而病患隱私的保障若要得到確保，就必須由病患自己決定在何時、何地、何種範圍內、以何種方式、向何人揭露或公開涉及本身的資訊；換言之，病患對於這些資訊擁有所謂的「資訊自決權」。因此，刑法所規定的醫師保密義務規定，其規範目的就是在保障病患的資訊自決權。尤其，病患的資訊自決權不僅是刑法藉由規範醫師保密義務所欲保護的權利，其更是憲法所擔保的基本欋之一。對於刑法第316條之構成要件要素的解釋，亦應以病患的資訊自決權作為解釋的基礎。凡是有違反此基礎的解釋結果，都不應採納。此外，在現代醫學的快速發展下，醫療團隊的組成以及醫療院所委由外部資訊公司處理病患資料的相關行為，都對醫師的保密義務帶來了新的挑戰。面對如此的醫學變革，病患的資訊自決權不應因此而被犧牲，仍應透過適當的方式來取得病患的同意，以確保病患的資訊自決權仍能得到保障。

During the modern doctor-patient relationship, dotors play a very important role in protecting the patient's privacy. In order to ensure the protection of the patient's privacy, it must be decided by the patient himself when, where, to what extent and how the concerned information can be disclosed to whom or made public. In other words, the patient has the right to self-determination on this information. Hence, the purpose of the provisions concerning the doctor's confidentiality obligations in the Criminal Law is to ensure the patient's right to informational self-determination. In particular, the patient's right to informational self-determination is not only protected through the doctor's confidentiality obligations in the Criminal Law but also protected as one of the fundamental rights in the Constitution Law. The constituent elements of Article 316 of the Criminal Law shall be interpreted based on the patient's right to informational self-determination. Any other interpretation not in compliance with this basis shall not be accepted.Futhermore, in the background of the rapid development of modern medicine, the constitution of a medical team and the outsourcing of patient's information processing by the medical institution to an external information technology company mean new challenges for the doctor's confidentiality obligations. However, facing such kind of medical reform, the patient's right to informational self-determination shall not be scarified The patient's consent shall be obtained in a proper way to ensure his right to infoemational self-determination.