毒品再犯風險與醫療需求分流處置評量工具之研究

施用毒品者在監獄受刑人中占了一大部分。藥物依賴與犯罪的共通性，伴隨著國家財政減少與監獄過度擁擠，分流處遇的發展與使用變的普遍。本計畫目的是引進與翻譯一項在美國藥事法庭使用的工具（RANT®）。計畫分幾個階段進行：第一階段是聘請專業的翻譯專家將這項工具譯成中文版，並由計畫主持團隊確認內容效度；第二階段是在五個縣市召集臺灣專家學者，包括研究成癮學者、臨床治療及行政單位人員、司法人員，和政策制訂者一起評估這份再犯風險與醫療需求分流處置評量工具，並決定有哪些法律、診斷和治療的方針或名詞需要修正。本研究完成適當的翻譯與修正，建立最後評量工具中文化。整合本研究的團體座談討論結果，在我國現行制度下，採用這套評估工具的可行性，以及對觀護人等實務工作者，在訂定處遇策略上的參考價值，其初步的其體結論與建議如下：一、本項評估工具「the Risk and Needs Triage（RANT®）」適合做為檢察官進行緩起訴處分判斷時客觀的評估依據及標準。二、檢察官在進行毒品施用者是否緩起訴時，建議委由各地檢署檢察事務官來執行評估流程。三、培訓執行本項評估工具「the Risk and Needs Triage（RANT®）」，評估者預估必須接受過8小時的工具評量與介紹，以及4小時的實務操作之訓練。四、本項評估工具「the Risk and Needs Triage（RANT®）」可供觀護人作為訂定毒品施用者的輔導監督策略及處遇方式之參考。五、其他毒品防治的實務工作者可依據本項評估工具「the Risk and Needs Triage（RANT®）」評估之象限，給予毒品施用者個別化的處遇介入。

Drug users are disproportionately present in criminal justice settings. The intersection of drug dependence and crime, coupled with decreasing resources and prison overcrowding, has led to the development and use of a number of diversionary programs. This project is to introduce and translate the RANT® into Mandarin. The project proceeded in phases. First, the RANT® was carefully translated and back-translated into Mandarin and English using a professional translation service and content validity of this tool was verified by our study team. Second, we convened an expert panel (including addiction researchers, treatment providers and administrators, criminal justice stakeholders, and policymakers from Taiwan) in 5 regions to review the RANT® instrument and to consider necessary modifications related to legal, diagnostic, and treatment practices or terminology. Following any necessary modifications, the RANT® is established in Mandarin and ready for use. Based on current Taiwan regulations and 5 group discussions conducted amongst prosecutors, probation officers, physicians, scholars, policemen and health service providers, conclusions and suggestions are as follows: 1. The Risk and Needs Triage (RANT®) can be utilized as an objective assessment tool which provides evidence for prosecutors to make decisions on deferred prosecution to drug offenders. 2. It is suggested that the RANT® can be implemented by prosecutor's investigators. 3. It is suggested that assessors, prosecutor's investigators, should take 8 hours lecture on purposes, rationale, and implementation of the RANT®. In addition, 4 hours training of assessing practice is required. 4. The RANT® can be used for probation officers to monitor the progress of intervention and to counsel the drug offenders. The RANT® can be utilized by other drug-related practitioners to tailor individualized service plan.