災難應變——護理人員應有的知能

Disaster Response: Essential Competence for Nurses

「災難護理」是廿一世紀護理人員必備的專業知能，護理人員應有緊急救災的專業能力，能依災難程度與災難前、中、後連續性分期；整合時間、資源、情境及受影響的災情與受災者的個體與家庭等的相關概念，提供身、心、社會與靈性的整體性照護。災難護理的專業核心能力內容，包含婦、兒、成人、老人等因災難產生之身體、心理、社會創傷的評估及照顧知能，並能涵蓋倫理道德與文化敏感度之知識應用，熟悉災難應變的流程以及具備團隊合作的溝通協調專業等能力等。災難護理為護理人員當前的重大挑戰，需要重新思考自我的專業角色定位與服務範疇，尤其在災難未發生時，護理知能之準備及演練；災難發生時的人力調派與立即有效資源投入；災難發生後期健康重建與促進。對災難護理應有概念的認識與思維及準備，將是成為社會及世界公民中不可或缺之重要成員的積極展現與實踐作為。

Disaster nursing is an essential competence for nurses today. Nurses must enhance their emergency treatment abilities and internalize evacuation and disaster-related concepts (time, resource, situation, and person) in order to deliver physical, psychological, social and spiritual holistic care to disaster victims and their families across the disaster stage continuum (i.e., before, impact, and after). Core disaster nursing competence include: knowledge, evacuation skills and physical, psychological and social trauma impact interventions targeting victims. Ethical and cultural sensitivities must be considered, and nurses must be familiar with response procedures as well as master communication and negotiation skills in order to consolidate group cooperation. The current challenge for nurses is to reconsider their role and function, focusing on disaster preparedness and preparedness drills in order to serve as an immediate and effective resource and manager both in the immediate aftermath of a disaster and the following recovery / health promotion period. Recognition and preparedness of disaster nursing related concepts are crucial because nurses must be recognized for the essential role they play in global society.