丘逢甲的憲政思想與建國事功

Chiu Feng-Chia’s Constitutional Thought and Contribution of Taiwan State-building

丘逢甲以傳統文人出身，卻關心時局與新學，統領臺灣義軍參與乙未臺灣抗日戰爭，倡議臺民自主建立民主國，於人民自決、人民主權、權力分立和選舉等國際公法與憲法學觀念，皆表現出一定的識見。戰敗之後，出亡中國廣東，倡導新學，啟蒙民智，並選派優秀子弟赴日留學，其門人多人成為興中會與同盟會骨幹。辛亥革命，丘逢甲領導廣東獨立，為民國後盾。丘逢甲於國際法和憲法皆有一定的素養，因而勇於揚棄天朝與忠君思想，一生創建兩民國。而通過丘逢甲，臺灣民主國經驗對於廣東國民革命和中華民國的影響，應當被重估和認識。

Chiu Feng-Chia was a traditional scholar, but he was greatly concerned about the current political situation and the new academic. He led Taiwan militia to resist against Japan's ruling and enlightened Taiwanese people moving towards the path of establishing the independent republic. Through his public statements including self-determination of people, popular sovereignty, separation of powers, election and so on, Chiu showed certain insights into international law and constitutional law. After the defeat of the Yiwei war, Chiu Feng-Chia escaped to Guangdong, where he initiated the new academic, enlightened general public and furthermore recommended outstanding students to study in Japan. Among those students, many later became the key figures of the Revive China Society and the Chinese Revolutionary Alliance. When the Xin-hai Revolution took place, Chiu led Guangdong people to declare independence that paved the way for the new republic. Chiu's knowledge of international law and constitutional law made him courageous enough to abandon the loyalty to the celestial Ching Empire and the emperor. He twice participated in the establishment of republics. To sum up, through examining Chiu Feng-Chia, the experience of the Republic of Formosa that impacted on the National Revolution of Guangdong and the establishment of the Republic of China should be re-evaluated and understood.