從利他主義探討造血幹細胞捐贈者之捐贈歷程

A Study on the Donation Process of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donors from an Altruistic Perspective

背景：造血幹細胞捐贈者邁入捐贈階段，面臨須接受醫療照及生活的改變，會採取不同的因應行為，進而影響其捐贈之感受。目的：探討造血幹細胞捐贈者的捐贈經驗。方法：採質性描述性研究設計，於臺灣東部某教學醫院收案。共立意取樣15位造血幹細胞捐贈個案，訪談次數以資料飽和為考量，共進行15次深度訪談，並以內容分析法，進行資料分析與歸納。結果：依訪談資料歸納出五個階段、十一個主題。在登記配對階段：利他助人；在配對成功階段：訊息的驚喜、信守承諾、尋求醫療資訊、期待被支持；在準備捐贈階段：孕育新生命；在捐贈階段：心理負荷、心靈支持的力量；在完成捐贈階段：對生命的新體驗、自我價值的肯定、祝福與感恩。結論／實務應用：本研究結果能提供醫護人員更了解捐贈者的經驗和感受，讓護理人員在未來可以提供捐贈者更具有個別性的照護。

Background: Hematopoietic stem cell donors have to face alterations in life style and receive medical care throughout the donation process. Various coping strategies were adopted to influence donors’ experiences in the process. Purpose: to explore the subjective experiences of hematopoietic stem cells donors. Methods: A qualitative study was designed and fifteen donors were purposely recruited from a teaching hospital in eastern Taiwan. In-depth interview was conducted until data saturation. A total of 15 in-depth interviews were conducted, once per participant, and the data were analyzed and concluded by content analysis. Result: According to the interview data, 11 themes in 5 stages were identified. At the stage of registration and pairing: altruism; at the stage of successful pairing: surprise, commitment, seeking medical information, and expectation of support; at the stage of donation preparation: nurturing new life; at the stage of donation: psychological burden and spiritual support; at the stage of post-donation: new life experience, recognition of selfworth, blessing, and gratitude, Conclusion/Practical Applications: this study provides an insight into the emotional experience of donors that can serve as a foundation for health care professionals in their provision of individualized care for future donors.