影響中老年糖尿病患者自我照顧行為之相關因子

Factors Associated With Self-Care Behaviors in Middle-Aged Adults and Elderly With Diabetes Mellitus

背景：糖尿病其患者維持良好的自我照顧行為，可延緩病程進展及減輕併發症的傷害。因此，有需要持續研究影響其自我照顧行為的因子，以降低醫療開支及減輕社會負擔。
目的：探討影響社區糖尿病個案自我照顧行為之相關因子。
方法：採用次級資料分析法，以參加嘉義縣梅山鄉複合式健康篩檢及成人健康檢查中，患有糖尿病個案之問卷調查為資料來源。所得資料以描述性統計及線性複迴歸分析影響自我照顧行為量表得分之獨立相關因子。
結果：符合研究對象篩選條件及完成調查的第二型糖尿病患者共97人，平均年齡為67.1歲，男性佔37.1%。以線性複迴歸結果發現自我照顧行為較差者為最近半年有喝酒習慣（p = .001）、最近半年有吸菸習慣（p = .015）及有宗教信仰者（p = .003）。
結論：實務應用 本研究結果有助於瞭解影響社區中老年糖尿病患者自我照顧行為之相關因素。建議醫療及衛教單位針對糖尿病患者加強提供戒菸及戒酒資訊，並積極瞭解患者的宗教信仰觀念是否與自我照顧行為有所抵觸。

Background: Adequate self-care behavior in diabetic individuals is essential to reduce the progress of the condition and reduce diabetes related complications. Continued research to understand the factors associated with self-care behaviors is needed in order to reduce health care costs and the social burdens associated with diabetes.
Purpose: To investigate factors associated with self-care behaviors in individuals with diabetes in the community.
Methods: Researchers used secondary data analysis to assess survey data on diabetic individuals obtained from the Community Integrated Screening conducted by the Meishan Township Public Health Center and adult health examinations.
Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analyses evaluated the independent factors associated with self-care behaviors.
Results: A total of ninety-seven individuals with Type 2 diabetes met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 67.1 years and 37.1% was male. Results from multiple linear regression analysis indicated self-care behavior as poorer in individuals who drank alcohol during the past six months (p = .001), smoked cigarettes during the past six months (p = .015), and / or practiced religious or spiritual beliefs (p = .003).
Conclusions / Implications for Practice: Findings from this study can help understand factors affecting self-care behaviors in individuals with diabetes in the community. Medical and public health units should focus on providing effective advice on smoking and drinking cessation to individuals with diabetes. Units should also clarify potential conflicts between individuals’ self-care behaviors and their religious or spiritual beliefs.