香港國籍與護照的多重性－－兼論港人身份認同的流動性

A Look at the Mobility of the Identity of Hong Kong Chinese People from the Multiplicity of Nationality and Passports

作為現代社會的產物，國籍與護照對現代人而言究竟意味著什麼？是法定身份、公民權的代號？抑或歸屬認同的象徵物？還是純粹的旅行工具？從「九七」前錯綜複雜的「英籍」護照到「九七」後的英國國民（海外）護照與中華人民共和國香港特區護照，「英屬殖民地市民」與「香港特區市民」身份的特殊經歷造就了香港華人所擁有的國籍與護照的多重性。與此同時，無論是「回歸」之前還是之後，在兩岸弔詭的「中國」語境下，香港的特殊地位不僅使港人的旅遊證件（「回鄉証」、「入臺證」、身份證）更趨複雜多樣，也時而使香港華人在「海內」與「海外」、「國內」與「國外」、「境內」與「境外」、「同胞」與「僑胞」之間的身份撲朔迷離。另一方面，由於經過戰後「香港共同體」的建構，香港華人自己的本土身份認同也得以塑造，經過「九七」的衝擊，香港還從戰時與戰後的「難民避難所」蛻變成海外數以十萬新生「港僑」及回流「歸僑」的故鄉。本文透過對香港華人複雜多樣的國籍與旅遊證件的研究，指出該現象源自於香港特殊的殖民地、「九七回歸」、特別行政區經驗，以及兩岸弔詭的「中國」認知。而如此國籍與旅遊證件的多重性，則扮演著維持香港華人身份認同流動性的重要角色。

As a product of modern society, what do nationality and related passport actually signify for people nowadays? Is it another name for a legal status, an authorized citizenship, or a symbol for national conformity, or a mere tool for travelling convenience? As shown from the transition of using the complicated colonial British passports in pre-1997 period to the British (Overseas) Nationality Passport and PRC SAR Passport after the Handover, the Chinese people in Hong Kong have found themselves torn between an identity crisis of “British Overseas Colonial Citizens” and “Citizens of HKSAR”, thus resulting in a unique multiplicity of nationality and its related passports. Meanwhile, the particular stance of Hong Kong under the paradoxical context of “China” in both sides across the Strait, regardless of before or after 1997, has conjured up an ambiguous identity for its locals in not only the travel documents they hold, but also in the various ways they are named in both PRC and ROC. On the other hand, Hong Kong Chinese residents have gradually formulated for themselves an identity through the process of creating a solidified “Hong Kong Community” in post-war era. Furthermore, Hong Kong has also changed itself from serving as a relief shelter for refugees escaping from Mainland China during and after WWII, to a hometown for thousands of overseas Hong Kong Chinese after experiencing the impact of the “1997 Handover”. This paper is a study of the complicated nature of having multiple nationalities, passports and travel documents for Hong Kong Chinese residents. Such a phenomenon originates from the mixed consequences of the peculiarity of a British colony, the Handover, the status of SAR within PRC and the dissimilar interpretation of “China” in both PRC and ROC. This multiplicity of nationality and related passports has thus been found playing a pivotal role of maintaining the mobility of identity conformity amongst Chinese people in Hong Kong.