利用市售酵素免疫分析套組檢測蔬果中殘留之加保扶及得滅克

Determination of Carbofuran and Aldicarb in Fruits and Vegetables Using Enzyme Immunoassay Kits

本研究探討了以tube type及plastic well type兩種不同型式之市售酵素免疫套組檢測蔬果中加保扶（carbofuran）及得滅克（aldicarb）農藥殘留之可行性。加保扶之外添加回收試驗檢體採用馬鈴薯、小白菜及木瓜，得滅克之回收試驗檢體則使用胡蘿蔔、橘子及綠豆。蔬果檢體以丙酮萃取，在室溫下以氮氣吹乾後溶於0.02M phosphate butfered saline緩衝溶液並加以定容。在上述蔬果中分別添加0.05~1.5ppm之加保扶及得滅克進行回收試驗，結果回收率為75~121%，變異係數則介於1.3-16%之間，檢體中農藥之最低檢出量為0.1~1.0ppb。加保扶與其有毒代謝物3-OH 加保扶及 3-keto 加保扶之交叉係數（crossreactivity）皆在4%以下，三者間干擾性不大。得滅克套組中則得滅克與aldicarb sulfone間干擾性極強，交叉係數可達42-53%，而得滅克與aldicarb sulfoxide間干擾性則不大。酵素免疫法具有靈敏度佳、前處理操作簡便等優點，唯再現性不及HPLC方法，且無法同時定量農藥及其有毒代謝產物，故雖適於快速檢測大量樣品中是否含有加保扶及得滅克殘留之篩檢用途，但仍無法取代HPLC法作為執法分析之用。

A method using commercial enzyme immunoassay kits, tube type and plastic well type, to determine carbofuran and aldicarb residues in fruits and vegetables has been developed. Samples were extracted with acetone, evaporated to dryness under nitrogen at room temperature, and redissolved in 0.02 M phosphate buffered saline for enzyme immunoassay. Recovery studies were performed at the 0.05-1.5 ppm fortification levels. Carbofuran was spiked into chopped potatoes, pe-tsais and papayas, and aldicarb into carrots, oranges and mung beans. Recoveries were between 75 and 121%. Coefficients of variation were between 1.3 and 16%. The detection limits of the pesticides in samples were in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 ppb. The cross-reactivities of 3-hydroxy carbofuran and 3-keto carbofuran to carbofuran were below 4%. The cross-reactivity of aldicarb sulfone to aldicarb was as high as 42-53%, while aldicarb sulfoxide showed relatively low cross-reaction to aldicarb. Enzyme immunoassay methods have the advantages of higher sensitivity and simpler procedure as compared to HPLC methods. The disadvantages include less reproducibility and inability to determine target pesticides and their metabolites simultaneously. Therefore, enzyme immunoassay methods are suitable for fast screening of carbofuran and aldicarb residues and can not take the place of HPLC.