《服務貿易協定》談判中的“南方歧視＂

The Discrimination to Developing Countries in the Negotiation of “Trade in Service Agreement＂

旨在實現高標準開放規則的《服務貿易協定》談判自發起便充斥著對南方國家的歧視。基於南北國家服務業生產要素的優勢比較可見，服務貿易開放並不必然對南方國家有利。美歐在主導《服務貿易協定》談判時，控制發展中國家加入談判的“等級＂待遇，亦有遏制發展中國家參與制定服務貿易規則之嫌。並且《服務貿易協定》談判的各議題主要服務於發達國家佔優勢的模式一及模式三，而對發展中國家有利的模式四卻設計不足。此外，貫穿於《服務貿易協定》談判中的“競爭中立＂原則雖然形式上追求公平的競爭環境，卻忽略了南北國家發展階段的不平衡。

The negotiation of Trade in Service Agreement was full of discrimination to the developing countries once it was launched. The comparison of the production factors owned by the developed countries and developing countries shows that the opening-up of services sectors does not necessarily benefit the developing countries, and the negotiation controlled by the developed countries intentionally excludes the participation of newly emerging economies in making rules for international service trade. Meanwhile, the negotiation is mainly about the opening-up of mode 1 and mode 3 of each service sector which will further enhance developed countries’ advantages in service trade, but is refrained from the opening up of mode 4 which would raise service exports of the developing countries. What’s more, the “competition neutrality＂principle engaged in the whole negotiation of Trade in Service Agreement appears to pursue a fair competition environment for the service trade, but actually omits the imbalance of the economic development between the developed countries and developing countries.