飲食對血液脂蛋白之影響

Diet and Blood Lipo proteins

去年所公佈的第三次國民飲食調查發現臺灣地區年輕一代的飲食習慣逐漸趨向西化，而與飲食攝取習慣習習相關的粥狀動脈硬化及心血管疾病也一直高居國人前十大死因中；所以經由了解飲食與血中脂蛋白濃度之相關性，有助於降低粥狀動脈硬化及其相關慢性疾病的發生，並可提供國人飲食習慣的參考建議。由文獻中可見，高碳水化合物低脂肪飲食可降低血中脂蛋白濃度；而飲食中膽固醇、總脂肪含量、飽和脂肪酸與酒精等的攝取量增加，會使血中不論是高密度脂蛋白或低密度脂蛋白濃度均會隨著上升；飲食中增加膳食纖維的攝取量則有助於降低血中低密度脂蛋白的濃度。除了飲食因素的控制之外，適度的維持理想體重和持之以恆的運動習慣也有助於降低低密度脂蛋白及提高血中高密度脂蛋白的濃度，增加身體對粥狀動脈硬化及其相關慢性疾病的保護機制。

The data from the Third National Nutrition Survey in Taiwan showed high prevalence of risk factors for atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases in our population. It is observed that the young generation has developed a more western dietary pattern than the old generation. To comprehend the dietary risk factors in the development of atherosclerosis arid related cardiovascular diseases will benefit the nutrition practitioners. This article reviews the main dietary factors such as carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, alcohol and caffeine related to blood lipid profiles including low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Dietary consumption of cholesterol, total fat, saturated fat and alcohol increase both LDL-C and HDL-C. Fiber intake decreases LDL-C level. Besides dietary recommendations for preventing atherosclerosis, maintain desirable body weight and regular exercise benefit the overall blood lipid profiles.