中國大陸中等職業技術教育之研究－－以家政相關類科為例

A Study of the Vocational Education at the Middle Level School in Mainland China

本研究採文獻分析與實地考察等方法進行研究，旨在瞭解中國大陸中與台灣高級家事職業學校內容相關的中等職業技術教育之實施現況。中國大陸目前未有以「家政」為名的課程，故僅能就中等職業技術教育各學制中的課程內容加以整理與分析。首先簡述中國大陸中等職業技術教育之發展與演變，其次，針對不同類型的中等職業技術教育學校（簡稱中等職校）加以介紹，並就家政相關之職業教育學校有較深入的描述。最後，整理中國大陸學者專家對於當前中國大陸實施中等職業技術教育所遭遇問題的看法，以提供從事研究中國大陸中等職業技術教育發展之參考。本研究主要發現如下：中國大陸的中等職業技術教育體系共有中等專業學校、技工學校，與職業（農業）中學三種形式，課程結構相當重視實習課程部份。三種形式的中等職校中均設有家政領域相關的課程，其中以職業（農業）中學的設科情形與台灣的高級家事職業學校最為相近。在近年來的努力之下，中國大陸的職業技術教育有明顯的發展與進步，不僅致力改變中等教育結構上得不均衡──由普通高中學生人數顯著高於職業中學的學生數情形，改成比例上的相近現狀。同時也以邁向國際化的前瞻性思考來制訂「職業教育法」。唯深受政治因素的影響而存在積習已久的問題仍是中國大陸的中等職業技術教育所必須解決的。此外，學生的素質低落、招生不易也是主要的問題之一。

By literature review and interview hold at China, this study tried to dig out the current situation of vocational education at middle school in China. How China's vocational education system developed and evolved were discussed at first. School types and curricula were also discussed; furthermore, the details of vocational education on Home economics was introduced. Current issues on vocational education at the middle school in China from the China's specialist was also included. Major findings of this study are listed as below: 1. There are three types middle level vocational school in Mainland China. 2. Although there is no subjects or curricula were named 'Home Economics', many curricula are authentically related to home economics. 3. Suggestions on issues of vocational education system, student quality and student enrollment were advised at the end.