共同閩語 *y 韻母的構擬及相關問題

On the Final *y in Proto-Min and Relevant Problems

Norman (1981) 為共同閩語構擬前高圓唇元音韻母 *-y，同源詞的證據包括「書鼠鋸箸」。本文的內容主要是檢討他的擬構並提出我們的看法。首先，本文遵照比較方法，先分別比較若干閩南次方言與若干閩東次方言，構擬出共同閩南方言及共同閩東方言中這批同源詞的早期形式；進而根據共同閩南方言與共同閩東方言向上推溯最早期階段共同閩語的語音形式。其次、共同閩語是漢語的一種方言，因此將共同閩語與漢語上古音、中古音這兩個歷史階段作比較，尋找它們之間同源詞的規則對應，也有助於我們擬定共同閩語的早期形式。本文的結論指出，不論是從共同閩南、共同閩東方言的比較結果而言，或是參照漢語音韻史的表現而言，共同閩語的 *-y 韻母顯然都有修改的必要。本文建議，這批同源詞的韻母應擬測為 *-jɔw。

Norman (1981) reconstructed the final *-y in Proto-Min based on cognate evidence found in “書鼠鋸箸”. This paper reassesses the reconstruction of the final *-y in Proto-Min. To begin with, the paper compares several southern Min and eastern Min dialects respectively to reconstruct Proto Southern Min (PSM) and Proto Eastern Min (PEM). It further traces back to the earliest phonetic forms of those cognates in Proto-Min by comparing the reconstructions of PSM and PEM. In addition, Proto-Min being a Chinese dialect, the comparison of Proto-Min, Ancient Chinese, and Archaic Chinese in search of further phonological correspondences between them is used to ascertain the forms reconstructed in Proto-Min. Ultimately, based on the results mentioned above, this paper re-examines the strata analysis of Yu rhyme in the Min dialects and concludes that based on the comparison of PSM and PEM and in reference to Chinese phonological history, it is necessary to modify the final *-y in Proto-Min as *-jɔw.