西夏語動詞元音交替的來源

The Origin of Vowel Alternations in the Tangut Verb

如同羌語支的其他語言一樣，西夏語有複雜的動詞形態變化。本文在羌語支語言歷史比較的基礎上，試圖探討西夏語元音交替的來源。西夏語部分動詞有兩個詞幹，這兩個詞幹的分布與主語和賓語的人稱有關。主語是第一或第二人稱單數、賓語是第三人稱的時候，動詞用詞幹2，而在其他環境中動詞則用詞幹1。本文認為，原始西夏語本來有一個與北部羌語同源的及物第三人稱標記 *-w-，詞幹2 就是動詞詞根與該 *-w 後綴合併的結果。

Like other Qiangic languages, Tangut has complex verbal morphology. Based on comparative data from Qiangic languages, this article attempts to reconstruct the origin of the Tangut ablaut system. In Tangut, some verbs have two stems, the distribution of which is determined by the person of the agent and the patient. Stem 2 appears when the agent is first or second person singular and the patient is third person, and Stem 1 in other verbal forms. We show that there was a third person patient *-w suffix in Tangut cognate with Northern Qiang, and that Stem 2 is the result of the coalescence of this suffix with the verb root vowel.