中文 V-V 複合動詞中之完形語義合成性

Gestaltist Semantic Compositionality in Chinese V-V Compounds

根據傳統之分析，中文裡的V-V 複合動詞，一般說來可依據其二個動詞成分V 之間的語法關係分成三種主要構式，分別是並列式、偏正式和述補式。雖然此等廣為接受之區分標準看起來清楚而直接，但是不同語言學家在判斷同一個V-V 複合動詞之構式時，卻往往有所差異。根據本文之分析，造成這種對V-V 構式不一致的詮釋情形絕非偶然，而是潛在的完形(Gestalt) 效應作用下自然而然產生的結果。事實上，對於一個V-V 複合動詞，整個構式的語義與其個別動詞成分V 的語義之間，在詮釋上起著同時相互影響的作用；正如同在觀看一個完形圖形時，視覺對圖形中之「整體」和「部分」之詮釋一樣。本文基於構式語法 (Construction Grammar) 理論，強調認知對語意造成的影響與效應，提出對V-V 複合動詞的語義合成性之分析，主張在V-V 複合動詞的語義建構上存在有一種完形式的語義合成機制。

In traditional analysis, the constructions of Chinese V-V compounds are generally categorized, according to the grammatical relation between the component V’s, into three major types: coordination (並列式), modifier-head (偏正式) and verb-complement (述補式). Though the widely accepted categorization criteria seem to be simple and straightforward, linguists could often come to completely different judgments about construction type for an ordinary V-V compound, as the case of yao-dong 搖動, which is shown in this paper. According to our analysis, such variation on the V-V construction interpretation is by no means occasional, but rather a natural consequence of some potential Gestalt effect in determining the construction type, whenever it is allowed. As a matter of fact, the construction V-V and its component V’s simultaneously influence the meaning interpretation of each other, just as what the whole and the parts do in the visual perception of a Gestalt form. We adopt thus a cognitive approach based on Construction Grammar to treat the semantic composition of a V-V compound and propose thus a mechanism of Gestaltist semantic compositionality in constructing the meaning of the compound verb.